Clinical Depression
All depressive disorders are characterised by affecting the mood and emotions of a person, (hence the term “affective disorder“.) There are types in which only the depressed mood occurs; and others where episodes of depression are alternating with manic emotional states of euphoria and abnormally elevated mood, referred to as bipolar disorders.
Further signs and symptoms:
reduced physical activity and low energy
fatigue and low tolerance for stress
sleeplessness or waking up early feeling physically and emotionally down, particularly in the early morning hours
rumination
feelings of anxiety and fear
feelings of inferiority
strong feelings of guilt, often for minor reasons
loss of self-confidence
thoughts or plans of suicide
loss of appetite
loss of sexual desire
various kinds of physical symptoms: pain, aching limbs, etc.
The multitude and diversity of symptoms can make the condition difficult to diagnose, which often prolongs the suffering of the patient.
In most cases, the recommended treatment is a combination of
antidepressant medication
psychotherapy and
increased physical activity
If medication is prescribed, the individual circumstances of each case are carefully considered, since not all antidepressants have the same effect in all people.
One of the aims of psychotherapy is to initially help patients to interrupt the ruminative cycle. In dialogue with the patient, potential triggers (e.g. experiences of loss) are then analysed to find ways that allow for a life without depression. It is important to take into account early childhood experiences and possible trauma, in addition to analysing emotional needs; the patient learns to find ways to satisfy those needs appropriately.
Since ancient times, physical activity has been known for its antidepressant effect - this is why exercise therapy and physical conditioning are part of the treatment today – individually adjusted to the patient’s needs. The therapeutic process is complemented by employing means of expression: painting and drawing, working with clay and other creative materials. This is a helpful tool in rediscovering one’s inner sources for personal happiness in life.
